Pathology
Code
11118
Academic unit
NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Department
GOTH
Credits
10
Teacher in charge
Ana Maria Felix de Campos Pinto
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
Pathology is the medical field that makes the connection between basic science and clinical practice of medicine. Pathology investigates the causes (etiology), studies the mechanisms of the main lesion processes of disease (pathogenesis) and identifies its morphological expression.
To understand the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs, pathologists use a variety of methods / techniques, such as histopathology, cytopathology, and immunological, molecular and biochemical techniques, that allow them to formulate a diagnosis, to guide the therapeutical procedings and to assess prognosis.
The teaching model proposed aims to transmit concepts and knowledge; stimulate scientific curiosity and thinking about biomedical problems; prepare and train students to undertake original clinical and / or laboratory research.
The general objectives of this course are that, students will be able at the end of the academic year, to:
1. Know and understand the basic principles of disease (causes, mechanisms, lesion processes);
2. Adquire skills of observation and deduction to be able to identify and interpret morphological changes, and the tissue, cellular and molecular events responsible for the different types of pathology;
3. Properly use the technical pathological vocabulary;
4. Aquisition, demonstratration of knowledge and development of oral and written communication skills.
The practical classes are designed to attain the following educational objectives:
1. Initiate students in the technical vocabulary for naming lesions and illnesses.
2. Demonstrate the major histo-pathological patterns related to the large lesion groups studied (cellular adaptation, cell injury and death, inflammation, multi-systemic diseases, alterations of circulation and neoplasms).
3. Demonstrate the clinical-pathological correlation through the integration of clinical and laboratory data with images of macroscopic lesions and histological changes.
4. Promote descriptive training of macroscopic and microscopic lesions, in an organized and hierarchically ordered manner, and develop the capacity to recognize basic patterns of pathological change.
5. Demonstrate the various technical and methodological procedures that are used in pathological diagnosis, as a way of transmitting knowledge and integration of the specialty, in the context of hospital functioning.
6. Illustrate the importance of scientific research and the acquisition of information on the progress of medical knowledge.
7. Promote the capacity for initiative leading to works of research and provide students with the skills to identify, select, and analyze sources of information.
8. Know and use methods of presentation of scientific papers.
Prerequisites
Histology and Embryology
Subject matter
THEORECTICAL CLASSES
- Introcution to the course and to the teaching model
- Techniques and methods in Pathology
- Causes of Disease
- Lesion by physical, chemical agents
- Cellular adaptation
- Intracelular accumulation
- Organelles diseases
- Cellular lesion
- Cellular Death
- Necrosis
- Calcification
- Inflamation
- Acute inflamation
- Chronical inflamation
- Extracellular pathology
- Cellular regeneration
- Repair
- Auto-immune diseases
- Immune response to immunodeficiency and tumors
- Scientific communication on Medicine
- Clinical aplications of regeneration and repair
- Circulation disturbances
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- Obstacles to blood flow
- Ischemia; Infartion. Cerebral and heart infarts
- Shock Aneurisms; Hypertesion; Vasculitis
- Neoplasms
- Neoplasms epidemology
- Genes and neoplasms
- Pre malignant lesions and conditions
- Morphological diagnosisTumoral progression
- Prognosis and morphology
- Benign neoplasms
- Malignant neoplasms
- Evaluation of the course
PRACTICAL CLASSES
- Microscopy - Histological sections (L)
- Tutorials (T)
- Autopsies (A)
- Macroscopy (M)
- Cases-problem (C)
- Scientific article (Art)
- Experimental animal model (E)
- Hospital (H)
- Congress (Pathology day)
Bibliography
Books
- Kumar V; Abbas AB; Fausto N; Aster JC (2008). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, 8th edition
- Underwood JCD (2010). General and Systematic Pathology, Churchil Livingston, 5th edition
Readings and other material on site:
- Summaries of theoretical classes.
- The Guide of practical classes.
- Scientific articles for critical appraise (pdf).
- Histopathological atlas
- Problem cases
Teaching method
The teaching of this course includes:
Theoretical lectures: The lectures are intended to convey the educational content of the course, in a succinct manner. It is intended that these lectures be an introduction to the concepts of disease and its morphological expressions. The theoretical lectures also want to convey the importance of the integrated view of clinical, imaging and morphological aspects, which allow a pathological diagnosis.The lectures are not intended to replace individual study in textbooks, where the different topics are elaborated upon. There will be two lectures per week, each lasting 50 minutes.
Practical classes: The practical classes are mandatory; therefore, a record of attendance will be kept in these classes. It is a prerequisite for the realization of the final examination of the course to have attended, at least two thirds, of the practical classes. For students under the special status (eg, students with working-student status) the rules in effect at the College apply.
Evaluation method
Each student must achieve at least 9,5 in each of the following evaluations.
Practical evaluation (25% of the final mark)
This mark will be obtain by the following parts, except for students without the minimum presence of pratical classes under special status (eg. students with worker-student status shall not be exempted from practical teaching. They should strive to attend classes. If, however, they do not have enough practical information, (less than 2/3 of pratical classes) they will always have to be assessed of their practical knowledge to gain access to the final written exam, immediately following the end of practical classes on a date that shall be announced by the Department):
- individual evaluation during tutorial classes (65%)
- evaluation of the turm
- written critical appraise of a scientifical article(2,5%)
- oral presentation of this critical assay (2,5%)
- report on the experimental exercise (5%)
- individual evaluation on a final practical exam (25%)
If the student misses any moment of the pratical evaluation a classification of 0 (zero) will be attribute to that element and include in the final evaluation of the practical mark.
Theorectical evaluation (75% of the final mark)
- final written exam (multiple choice) in June (first) or Jully (second) and in September (rescue)
- a final oral exam will be available for all students by request,
Improving the final mark:
- by oral exam, after proper enrolment in the Academic Services