Pathophysiology II
Code
11122
Academic unit
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Department
CFAT
Credits
8
Teacher in charge
Prof. Doutor Nuno Neuparth
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
By the end of the course the student should be able to show:
- Scientific knowledge of the causes and mechanisms that explain the evidences found in the main symptoms of diseases, from a perspective that goes all the way from the system to the molecule;
- Skills of critical reasoning, applied to the interpretation of pathophysiological mechanisms, giving use to the problem based learning method and the development and analysis of concept maps;
- Attitudes towards research of information leading to a proper use, individually or in groups, of all the available human and technical resources for the learning process of pathophysiology.
Prerequisites
Subject matter
Lectures:
1. General Pathophysiology I
- Welcome / Concept mapping in Pathophysiology
- Thermoregulation and fever
- Systemic, local and cellular responses: oxidative stress and remodeling
2. Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
- Absorption and motility disorders
- Gastric secretion / Disorders of nutrition and metabolism
- Hepatic and pancreatic disorders
3. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
- Genesis of ECG / Pathophysiology of Arrhythmias / Congenital Heart Disease
- Blood pressure disorders
- Coronary heart disease
- Heart failure and shock
4. Hematologic Pathophysiology
- Disorders of hemostasis
- Erythrocyte disorders
5. Pulmonary Pathophysiology
- Restrictive syndromes
- Obstructive syndromes
- Asthma / Pollution
- Respiratory failure / Ventilatory control disorders
- Disorders of the pulmonary circulation
6. Renal Pathophysiology
- Disorders of fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance
- Renal syndromes / Acute renal failure
- Chronic renal failure
7. Endocrine Pathophysiology
- Hypothalamus-pituitary axis disorders
- Diabetes
- Thyroid and adrenal gland disorders
8. Osteoarticular Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology of the bone and the joint
- Pathophysiology of soft tissue and of inflammatory rheumatic diseases
9. General Pathophysiology II
- Physical activity and training
- Metabolic and endocrine response to injury
- Physiological and pathological adjustments during aging
The tutorial sessions are organized by learning blocks.
Bibliography
McPhee SJ, Ganong WF (2006). Pathophysiology of Disease . McGraw-Hill
Damjanov i.WB (2008). Pathophysiology. Saunders Co
Silbernagl, Lang F (2000). Color Atlas of Pathophysiology. Thieme
The handouts of the lectures will be available at the URL of the Department of Pathophysiology. The advised readings and bibliography will be provided by teachers during the theoretical lectures.
Teaching method
Each teaching/learning block comprises lectures and tutorial sessions for analysis and discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms. During these sessions, students will be presented with two types of problems: clinical records of patients, for which all information will be available through a computer program which is designed to practice the problembased-learning method (the long cases) and short clinical records, designed to practice the interpretation of concept maps (the short cases). This teaching/learning technique will also be used when analyzing complete medical records.
During the Respiratory and Endocrine blocks the students will participate in laboratory trial sessions. At the end of the 3rd block there will be a mid-term evaluation session and after the 6th block a final evaluation of each student. In these classes the student will be provided with qualitative information on individual performance during the tutorial sessions.
In the problem-based-learning approach, teachers are often called tutors as they guide the students learning. In this type of education the teacher acts more as a learning facilitator rather than as a transmitter of knowledge, so do not expect immediate answers regarding theoretical knowledge.
However do not hesitate to ask questions about aspects that may facilitate the analysis of the problems. As our educational objective is the learning of the mechanisms that explain the manifestations of disease, the tutor will also endeavour that each group provides explanatory summaries of the information collected, based on pathophysiological mechanisms.
Evaluation method
1. Continuous Assessment
The continuous assessment of students during the tutorial sessions contributes with 40% or 8 points for the final classification, with the following distribution:
a. Long cases - 0-3
b. Short cases - 0-3
c. Attendance - 0-2
According to the 10/10/2001 decision of the Academic Board if continuous assessment is less than 10 (ten), the student cannot be admitted to the final exam.
2. Final Exam
The final exam is mandatory for all students and consists of a written test followed by an oral exam. The written test will consist of 60 multiple choice questions (five options with one correct answer).
According to the 10/10/2001 decision of the Academic Board, if the result of the written test is less than 10 (ten), the student cannot be admitted to the oral exam.
The final exam accounts for 60% of the final grade. Failing any of the evaluation steps, namely continuous assessment, written examination and oral examination, always implies failure in the Pathophysiology Course.