Methodologies in Philosophy
Code
73203100
Academic unit
Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
Department
Filosofia
Credits
10
Teacher in charge
Diogo Pires Aurélio
Weekly hours
2
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
a) To acquire an advanced knowledge of the diversity of concepts, perspectives and currents in the problematic field of the relationship between philosophical objects and access procedures
b) To obtain a deep notion of the main methodological and doctrinal conflicts which have stabilized in the contemporary thought
c) To acquire the capacity to establish as strictly as possible the links (of influence, opposition, stimulation, etc.) which link the different methodological and doctrinal conceptions in contemporary thought
d) To acquire the capacity to delimit as systematically as possible the links and fractures that stand out the contrast, the rupture and the continuity of the relationship between problems and methods both in contemporary times and before.
e) To acquire the skills to develop an autonomous perspective, in the framework of the methodological questions that are linked to the corresponding problems, and to test it creating concepts consistent with it.
Prerequisites
None.
Subject matter
Starting from the text Kant und Goethe: Zur Geschichte der Modernen Weltanschauung, by Georg Simmel, the course deals with the question of the diversity of philosophical methodologies, as an expression of different understandings of what philosophical knowledge is, as well as the diversity of ways that has been displayed in the history of philosophy to access it.
Critique of Pure Reason plays a decisive role in this process, since the prevailing modern philosophical itinerary appears there in its most refined way, «the will of system» mobilizing it through the faculty of knowledge, in contrast with works like those ones by Goethe or Spinoza, which starts directly from being or nature.
It is on the grounds of this double focus that Wittgensteins work will afterward be approached. The analysis of the texts that are gathered in Über Gewissheit leads us to reformulate the questions that were put at the beginning: what is philosophy? What method or methodologies does it require?
Bibliography
KANT, Kritik der reinen Vernunft, trad. port. , Lisboa, Fundação Caloiuste Gulbenkian
MOORE, G. E., «Proof of an External World», in Philosophical Papers, New York, Macmillan, 1959
MOYAL-SHARROCK, Danièle, Understanding Wittgensteins On Certainty, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007
SIMMEL, Georg, Kant und Goethe: Zur Geschichte der Modernen Weltanschauung, Leipzig, Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1916
WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig, Über Gewissheit/ On Certainty, edição bilingue de G.E.M. Anscombe e G.H. von Wright, tradução de Denis Paul e G.E.M. Anscombe, Oxford, Blackwell, 1969
Teaching method
Seminar. Reading, interpretation and comment on texts. Analysis and discussion of theses and problems
Evaluation method
Participation in the seminar.Presentation of an original written text (15-20 pages)