Biomechanics and Hemodynamics
Code
7590
Academic unit
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Department
Departamento de Física
Credits
6.0
Teacher in charge
Mário António Basto Forjaz Secca, Valentina Borissovna Vassilenko
Weekly hours
5
Teaching language
Português
Objectives
In this discipline will be introduced the concepts and formalisms of Biomechanics and equations of Hemodynamics, framed with examples of applications and the laboratory classes.
It is intended that at the end of the course, students demonstrates the bases for the understanding and application of key models used Biomechanics and resulting equations, particularly in the study of movement and joints, mechanical properties of bones, muscles, blood vessels and blood muscle contraction and description of cardiovascular system
Prerequisites
It is highly recommended that students have obtained positive rating in the disciplines of "Mathematical Analysis I and II", "Physics IB", "Introduction to Biomaterials" and "Anatomy".
Subject matter
Lectures:
1.INTRODUCTION TO BIOMECHANICS
2. Mechanical properties of tissues
Mechanical loads on the human body
Relationship Stress / Strain
Hard tissues - bones
Viscoelasticity .
Modeling of the visco-elastic properties
3 . Kinematics and Kinetics
Global and local referential;
Center of gravity
Kinematic calculus from the experimental data
4. Biomechanics of Motion and Joints
Classification of joints & types of motion
Kinematics of joints
Simulation & Modeling
5. Biomechanics of muscle contraction
Skeletal muscle;
Sliding filament theory
Motor unit and muscle contraction;
Hill equation
Modulation of skeletal muscle
Electromyography
6. Heart Biomechanics
Cardiac muscle;
Electrocardiogram and heart activity
Modelling of the heart and cardiac wall stress
7. Introduction to Hemodynamics
Hydrostatic pressure;
Cardiac activity and blood pressure;
Measurement of Blood Pressure
8. Properties of the Fluids. Rheology of Blood
Intrinsic properties of the fluids
Newtonian & Non-Newtonian fluids;
Rheology of Blood;
Casson’s model;
Fahraeus – Linquist effect.
9. Equations of Fluid Dynamics
Continuity equation;
Conservation of momentum and energy;
Navier- Stokes equation.
10. Models of Blood Circulation
Models of Poiseulle;
Resistive model;
Propagating pulsed flow
Model of Frank
11.Branching tubes
Models; Cube Law.
Laboratory sessions:
1.Electromiography I
2.Electromiography II
3.ECG
4.Blood Pressure Measurements
5.Pulse and Pressure
6.Heart Sounds
Bibliography
1. Lectures Notes on Biomechanics and Hemodynamics - Valentina Vassilenko, FCT/UNL
2.Fung, Y. C. Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 2nd ed., 1993, ISBN: 978-0-387-97947-2
3.B.H.Brown, et.al. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
4.Panjabi, M.M. and White A.A. “Biomechanics in the Musculoskeletal System”, 1st. ed., Churchill Levingtone , 2001
5. M.Zamir “The physics of pulsatile flow”, Springer-Verlag, 2000
6. Seeley, T.D.Stephens, P.Tate Anatomia e Fisiologia, Lusodidacta, 2001
7. www.fct.unl.pt à Biblioteca à e-Books à The Biomedical Engineering Handbook; Vol.1, 2nd Edition,Ed.J.D.Bronzino, CRC Press LLC, 2000
8. Biomechanical Systems: Techniques & Applications, Vol. II, Cardiovascular Techniques; Vol. I Computer Techniques and Computational Methods in Biomechanics; Vol. III, Musculoskeletal Models & Techniques; Vol. IV, Biofluid Methods in Vascular & Pulmonary Systems
9. Problems for Biomechanics and Hemodynamics – Valentina Vassilenko, FCT/UNL
10. Texts for Laboratory Lessons
www.biopac.com
Teaching method
1. Plenary lectures (Concepts, Examples, Demonstrations)
2. Laboratory practical sessions
3. Seminars
Evaluation method
Evaluation components
Assessment components are the following and have the weights on the final grade that are shown:
- TEOR - 60%
- PRAT - 30%
- SEM – 10%
Each of these elements is graded up to 20 points.
Grades:
The grade of the theoretical component is defined in two diferent ways, depending on when the grade is obtained:
- TEOR= (T1 + T2) / 2, were T1 and T2- are Mid-term tests
- TEOR = ER, were ER - Resit exam.
The grade of the practical component (PRAT) is the average of the 5 reports of the work done in the laboratory and delivered for review.
The note of the seminar (SEM) is the note of the work done by individual report two students on a topic proposed by teacher and delivered at the end of the semester to review.
The practical and seminar are performed by groups of two students.
Frequência and its validity:
The "frequência" grade is the same as the practical component:
FREQ = PRAT
The "frequência" grade obtained in the current school year will be valid in the next years. It is not possible to improve a frequência grade obtained in the past.
Approvals and Final grade:
The approval of the chair is determined by the following condition:
- Approval = FREQ >= 9.5 & TEOR >= 9.5
The final grade is calculated using the formula:
- FINAL = 0.6*TEOR + 0.3*FREQ+ 0.1*SEM
All the intermediate grades are rounded to one decimal places.
The final grade is an integer number.
Academic fraud
Any type of fraud in any component of the assessment causes the student to immediately fail to pass the course in the current academic year (even if there are exams scheduled). This applies both to those students who give information, as well as to who receive information.