History Of Institutions
Code
MM129
Department
Área de Ensino
Credits
6
Weekly hours
4.5
Objectives
The aim of the program is to lead students to a) think about how citizenship was conceived and practiced, as well as the concepts associated with it (community membership, citizenship rights and duties, identities), in different historical contexts, in Europe and in the spaces colonized by European countries; b) to distinguish the ways citizenship was understood and practiced in the past and in the contemporary world.
Specific objectives to be attained are: to understand the continuities and ruptures in what concerns political affiliations and individual and collective identities in different historical times; to identify civil and political rights as well as the duties and obligations that were historically associated with community membership; to study concepts such as tolerance, discrimination, human rights, poverty, solidarity, political representation, in a historical perspective; to understand how people have historically used the courts and the law to contest power relations and/or get the kind of rights and opportunities that we usually associate with citizenship.
This program also aims at helping the students to get skills in the domain of the scientific research work, as well as skills related with the organization and the oral and written exposition of knowledge.
Subject matter
I) The history of institutions: concepts and methods.
II) Contemporary discussions on citizenship: some topics.
III) Contemporary discussions about modernity and postmodernity.
IV) Social and political paradigms in the institutional history of Europe: State oriented approaches versus stateless corporative oriented approaches.
V) Identities and multiplicity of affiliation in “pre-modern” European societies vs. national citizen / foreigner and the primacy of the Nation state in the allocation of civil and political rights in the nineteenth / twentieth centuries. Nation state and modernity. How old is the Portuguese nation?
VI) Hierarchy and social inequality in “pre-modern” social thought vs. 'Progress', 'equality' and ‘meritocracy’ in the "modern" social thought.
1) The sources of the social imagination in medieval and modern times. Political order and social hierarchy.
i. was the society of the early modern Era a society of "states" or of individuals?
ii. persons and social status, some examples: the nobility; the women; the infidels; the slaves. The role of legal and theological categorization in the definition of the individual ‘ legal status.
iii. the centrality of the Church in the shaping of social roles and behaviors.
2) The "principle of equality" as a core principle of contemporary social thought (XIX-XXth centuries).
i. national citizenship and civil and political rights. Nationals and citizens; passive citizenship and active citizenship.
ii. national citizenship and social rights.
iii. Cosmopolitanism and universal suffrage.
3) The anti-liberal critique of the Enlightenment: equality and universality of rights as metaphysical categories.
V) Citizenship in the colonial empires of the XIX-XX centuries.
1) Religious conversion, civilizational mission, legal status and identities in colonial societies.
2) Citizenship in the contemporary Portuguese Empire:
i. Slaves and freedmen;
ii. Christians and Gentiles;
iii. Savages and civilized;
iv. The "indigenato system": natives and citizens; 'Assimilated' and 'detribalized'.
VI. The history of the Human Rights:
1) The 'invention of Human Rights "in the sixteenth century?
2) The French Revolution and the Human Rights.
3) Humans Rights and Empire.
VII. Tolerance and discrimination in European history: a long-term perspective;
VIII. The use of the law and the courts to challenge power relations: can law become a "weapon of the weaks"?
Bibliography
Beaudoin, Steven, M., Poverty in World History, London and New York, Routledge, 2007.
Burbank, Jane, Russian Peasants Go to Court: Legal Culture in the Countryside, 1905-1917, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2004.
Cardim, Pedro, Cortes e Cultura Política no Portugal do Antigo Regime, Lisboa, Ed. Cosmos,1998.
Cooper, Frederick, Citizenship between Empire and Nation, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2014.
Costa, Pietro,"The Discourse of Citizenship in Europe. A Tentative Explanation", in Julius Kirshner Laurent Mayali (ed.), Privileges and Rights of Citizenship, Law and the Juridical Construction of Civil Society, Berkeley, University of California at Berkeley, 2002.
Costa, Pietro, Civitas, storia della Cittadinanza in Europa, Paris, Laterza, 2001, Vol. II: "L'Età delle Rivoluzioni”, Vol. III: “La civiltà liberale”.
Duby, Geoges, As Três Ordens ou o Imaginário do Feudalismo, Lisboa, Estampa, 1982.
Engin F. Isin and Bryan Turner, Handbook of Citizenship Studies, London, Sage Publications, 2002.
Faulks, Keith, Citizenship, London and New York, Routledge, 2000.
Grinberg, Keila, Liberata, a lei da ambiguidade, As acções de liberdade da Corte de Apelação do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX, Rio de Janeiro, Relume Dumará, 1994.
Herzog, Tamar, “Communal Definition in Eighteenth-Century Spain and Spanish America”, in Julius Kirshner e Laurent Mayali (eds), Privileges and Rights of Citizenship, Law and the Juridical Construction of Civil Society, Berkeley, University of California at Berkeley, 2002.
Hespanha, António Manuel (1995), História de Portugal Moderno, político e institucional, Lisboa, Universidade Aberta, 1995.
Hobsbawn, Eric J., Nations and Nationalism since 1780, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, (1994 [1990]; trad. Port.: A questão do nacionalismo, nações e nacionalismo desde 1780, Lisboa, Terramar, 1998.
Jonathan Israel, Enlightenment Contested, Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man, 1670-1752, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Leydet, Dominique, “Citizenship”, in E.N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition), disponível em (consultado a 11.06.2014) (.
Lynn, Hunt, Inventing Human Rights: A History, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2007; trad. Port.: A Invenção dos Direitos Humanos, uma História, S. Paulo, Editora Schwarcz, 2009.
Paul Magnette, Citizenship: the History of an Idea, Colchester: ECPR Press, 2005.
Pinsky, Jaime & Carla Bassanzi Pinsky (orgs.), História da Cidadania, S. Paulo, Editora Contexto, 2003.
Pires, Diogo Aurélio (2009), Representação Política, Livros Horizonte, 2009.
Roht Gudmundur, Hálfdanarson. Orgs. Discrimination and Tolerance in Historical Perspectives, Piza, Pizza University Press, 2008.
Pierre Rosanvallon, Le sacre du Citoyen, Histoire du Suffrage Universel en France, Paris, Gallimard,1992.
Sobral, José Manuel Sobral, Portugal, Portugueses: Uma identidade Nacional, Lisboa, FFMS, 2012.
Stedman, G. Jones, An end to Poverty? A Historical debate, London, Profile, 2004.
Silva, Cristina Nogueira da (2009), Constitucionalismo e Império. A cidadania no Ultramar português, Coimbra, Almedina, 2009.
Silva, Cristina Nogueira da , “Como contar a história dos Direitos Humanos? Algumas questões metodológicas”, in António Marques e Paulo Barcelos (orgs.), Direitos Fundamentais e soberania na Europa. História e Actualidade, Lisboa, IFILNova (Colecção Colloquia), 2014. http://www.eplab.ifl.pt/news/europa-soberania-direitos-fundamentais
Stjerno, Steiner (2004), Solidarity in Europe. The History of an Idea, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Vargues, Isabel Nobre (1997), A aprendizagem da cidadania em Portugal (1820-1823), Coimbra, Minerva, 1997.
Identidade e cidadania: da Antiguidade aos nossos dias. Actas do congresso, Maria Leonor Santa Bárbara et al (org.), Porto: Papito editora, 2010
Evaluation method
The evaluation of students is done through a scientific research work and the oral presentation of texts in the seminar classes.