Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Physics II

Code

10353

Academic unit

Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Department

Departamento de Física

Credits

6.0

Teacher in charge

António Alberto Dias, Maria Adelaide de Almeida Pedro de Jesus

Weekly hours

7

Total hours

63

Teaching language

Português

Objectives

At the end of this subject the student should have obtained knowledge, ability and competences in

-the physical processes and the Laws of Thermodynamics, in particular a) heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation b) phase transitions c) thermodynamic cycles for the study of heat engines, heat pumps and refrigerators and the calculation of the respective efficiency when opperating with ideal gases in reversible processes d) entropy and its production in concrete processes e) thermodynamic potentials f) experimental study of some of these processes

Prerequisites

Approval in the subjects

"Análise Matemática I"

and

"Física I" 

is recommended.

Subject matter

1. Energy
1.1 Energy revisited
1.2 Internal Energy


2. Kinetic Theory of Gases
2.1 Pressure, Temperature
2.2 Equipartition of Energy, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
2.3 Mean Free Path, Diffusion, Osmotic Pressure.


3. Fluids
3.1 Density and Pressure: barometric, manometric (gauge) and absolute
3.2 Archimedes’law
3.3 Continuity and Bernoulli’s Equations
3.4 Applications: Flight; Venturi’ tube.
3.5 Viscosity; regime of movement of viscous fluids
3.6 Poiseuille’s Law


4. Thermodynamics Concepts and Wording
4.1 Systems
4.2 Properties
4.3 Processes


5. Temperature
5.1 Thermal Equilibrium. Zero Law of Thermodynamics
5.2 Thermometric Properties
5.3 Temperature Scales


6. State Equations
6.1 State Equation and P-V-T surface
6.2 State Equation of an ideal gas
6.3 State Equation of a real gas
6.4 Phase transitions


7. Thermal Properties of Matter
7.1 Expansion and Compression
7.2 Specific heat


8. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
8.1 Work
8.2 Heat
8.3 Energy Conservation – The 1st Law of Thermodynamics
8.4 Enthalpy
8.5 Internal Energy Equations
8.6 Adiabatic Processes


9. Heat Transfer
9.1 Conduction
9.2 Convection
9.3 Radiation


10. Thermal Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
10.1 Energy flux diagram of a thermal engine; Efficiency
10.2 External combustion motors – Stirling e and Steam Machine
10.3 External combustion motors – Otto
10.4 Energy flux diagram of a refrigerator; Coefficient of performance
10.5 Energy flux diagram of a heat pump; Coefficient of performance


11. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
11.1 Second Law – Kelvin and Clausius versions
11.2 Carnot theorem; Thermodynamic Temperature
11.3 Entropy
11.4 Reversible and Irreversible Processes; Clausius Inequality
11.5 Microscopic Vision of Entropy
11.6 T-S Diagrams


12. Fundamental Equations and Thermodynamic Potentials
12.1 TdS Equations; Examples of Application
12.2 Thermodynamic Potentials; System Evolution towards equilibrium


13. The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
13.1 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
13.2 Consequences of the third law


14. Open Systems
14.1 Modification of the Equations
14.2 Chemical Potential
14.3 Phase Transitions 
14.4 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
14.5 Thermodynamic vision of diffusion and osmotic pressure

Bibliography

A: Fundamentals of Physics; Halliday/Resnick/Walker

B: Física (um curso universitário); Alonso e Finn ed. Brasileira, 1981, vol 1

C: Sebenta Fis II em Documentação de Apoio – Acetatos

D: Physics; Paul Tipler and Gene Mosca

E: Physics; Kane & Sternheim

 

Teaching method

The information on the  functioning of the subject will be available in CLIP, either in "Avisos"  or in the folders  "Documentação de apoio", during the teaching semester.

This course is divided in a theoretical component and a practical component. Both components require successful assessment results.

The theory, including some typical problems, is taught twice a week in 1,5 h lectures. 

The practical classes are divided in exercise and laboratorial classes. In exercise classes, problems from the series are made as well as, at two different dates, one problem for evaluation. In laboratorial classes, experiments are performed to clarify concepts and to develop laboratorial capacities. Students deliver 4 reports.

Evaluation method

Continuous assessment of knowledge (see details in portuguese)

Courses